Quality Assurance Engineer Interview Questions – 10 Essential UK Interview Questions * essential questions that top UK engineers can answer. Therefore, from our community, we encourage experts to submit questions and offer feedback. Hire a top QA engineer now
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Quality Assurance Engineer Interview Questions
Software quality assurance (SQA) represents all the activities and procedures that focus on the entire software development process. Its purpose is to minimize the risk of causing damage and failure to the final product before it is released. It involves designing, implementing, and maintaining procedures that help software developers and testers perform their tasks more efficiently.
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Software quality control (SQC), unlike SQA, is entirely product-oriented. The purpose of SQC is to perform final product testing activities to verify that the developed product conforms to customer needs and expectations.
You have an input field that accepts an integer. Valid input is a positive two-digit integer. Specify test cases according to equivalence partitioning testing techniques and boundary value analysis.
Often in the UK, it is not possible to test all possible test cases for all scenarios. In the case where the valid input is a positive two-digit integer, there are already 90 valid test cases, and there are many more invalid test cases. In these situations, we need a better way to select test cases while ensuring that all scenarios are covered.
An equivalence partitioning test is a software testing technique that tests data input in such a way that, for a single input from all partitions, the system under test would behave the same. For the example in the question, we can create four partitions:
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Boundary value analysis testing is a software testing technique that uses extreme values or boundaries between partitions as input for test cases.
The essential part of the test is the validation of the results. In test automation, in each test case, we perform validation checks to ensure that we are getting the right results.
Both the list and check group commands check that given conditions are true. The difference is what happens if the condition is false and the check fails. When the list command fails, the code that follows will not be executed and the test will terminate immediately. On the other hand, when the checked command fails, the code will continue to execute regardless.
We use the assert command when the code that follows depends on their success. for example. we want to perform actions on a page only if we are logged in as an administrator. In this case, we’ll verify that the currently logged-in user is equal to the admin user, and the test code will only run if this condition is met, otherwise there’s no point, because we know we’re testing in the wrong environment.
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We use the verify command when the code can then be executed regardless of the conditions met. for example. check web page title: we just want to make sure the page title is as expected and we’ll associate the result with the checked order. Just getting the title right shouldn’t affect the rest of what’s being tested.
Verification and validation are two fundamental terms in quality assurance that are often mistakenly interchanged. When it comes to precisely developing the right solution, we can ask ourselves two questions:
First, we will make sure that the system we are building works and has all the necessary parts according to the specified requirements. This process is called verification. Then, at the end of the software development process, we will focus our efforts on ensuring that the system meets the needs and expectations of the end user, in a process we call validation.
Both verification and validation are important in the QA process because both will allow defects to be recognized in a different way. Verification identifies defects in the specification document, while validation finds defects in the software implementation.
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What is the difference between severity and priority? Give examples of high-severity, low-priority issues versus low-severity, high-priority issues.
Problem severity and problem priority are important for proper problem management. Severity represents the seriousness of the problem, while priority represents how urgently the problem needs to be resolved.
Severity is a very specific characteristic because it is based on how the problem affects end users. If the end user will be able to interact with the application normally and the normal use of the application is not disrupted, then the severity is low. But if the end user encounters app crashes or similar issues while using the app, the severity will increase.
It is the individual judgment of a responsible person which is defined according to the stated requirements. Generally, the priority increases as the problem is easier for the end user.
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There are many advantages to test automation and test cases should be automated whenever possible and appropriate. However, there are certain scenarios when test automation is not preferred and manual testing is a better option:
RTM is a document that shows the relationship between test cases (written by the QA engineer) and business/technical requirements (specified by the customer or development team.) The main idea of RTM is to ensure that all requirements are covered. and test cases, ensuring that no functionality is left untested.
Using RTM, we can verify 100 percent test coverage of business and technical requirements, as well as have a clear overview of defects and execution status. It undoubtedly highlights any missing requirements and/or differences in the document.
RTM provides deeper insight into QA work and the impact that test cases and rework have on QA engineers.
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In theory, for some products and cases, testing activities may require an enormous amount of resources and may also be impractical or impractical. To have a good QA process – a process where we can conclude with some confidence that a product is ready for users – we need to be able to say when we’re done testing.
This is where we implement an exit criteria document, which outlines the requirements that must be met before a product can be released. Exit criteria are defined during the test planning phase and allow QA managers and test engineers to build an efficient and effective QA process that conforms to pre-set requirements, ensuring that the system being built meets the requirements and will be delivered on time. .
Exit criteria may include: test case coverage, remaining issues by priority and/or severity, feature coverage, deadlines, business requirements, etc.
From the example we can see that the derived criteria must be strict but reasonable. It may not be realistic to expect 100 percent of all tests to pass all the time, but we must ensure that there are no critical failures that would cause the system to malfunction or the user to be unable to use the system in the expected manner. .
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Define the minimum number of test cases needed to fully cover declarations, branches, and paths for this code snippet:
To find the number of test cases for a full coverage, 100 percent statement, we must find the smallest number of paths where all nodes are. If we follow the path 1-A-2-C-3-E-4-F-G-5-I-6-J we will cover all nodes (1-2-3-4-5-6), thus satisfying all statements in the code and one test case. However, since the two statements (nodes 2 and 5) conflict, one test case does not work for the code in question. We will need two test cases to fully cover all statements:
, essentially covering all possible true and false statements. By using the same two paths from the full coverage, we can achieve almost complete branch protection. The only branch not covered by these two paths is the “D” branch, for which we need an additional path from the two previously mentioned. So our three tests would cover the following paths:
Path coverage ensures that all possible paths are covered throughout the code. Given the limits of the statements (X > 0 and X < 0), these are all possible paths:
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When a QA engineer creates a bug ticket, that ticket follows the sequence of states shown in the diagram from creation until it is validated and closed. If the resolution is incorrect, the ticket can be reverted to its previous state or reopened to prevent closure.
Since Reopening, how many 0-switch transitions and how many 1-switch transitions are allowed?
State transition testing is a black box testing technique where changes in input conditions cause state changes in the application under test. The number of transitions of a 0-switch from a state is equal to the number of transitions of length 1 starting from that state. From the diagram we can see that the possible transitions from Reopen are:
1-change of protection from
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