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L Eau Et Le Développement Durable Pdf
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Pdf) Eau Et Développement Durable
DOMESTIC SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL WATER CONSUMPTION: WHAT EFFORT SHOULD BE MADE? The lack of potable water in some areas is in stark contrast to its excessive use in Western countries. Very little publicized, the problem of access to quality water is aggravated by increasing contamination of ground and surface water. In this article, we will not talk about the 3.2 million people who die every day from diseases related to bad water or the 3.2 million people who do not have access to water every year. We will not detail about unacceptable sanitary conditions, such as the Nile being polluted by industrial activities. Here is the question of being interested in the use of water in countries where running water is considered less wasteful. First, a brief assessment of water use in France will be carried out and then all possible solutions to reduce it will be investigated. Then we will see the industrial effort that needs to be launched to reduce water consumption in the special field of energy. It will not be about advocating a return to nature. On the contrary, technical and social solutions must be implemented that would allow a change in our consumption, without changing our comfort, or even without . SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT APRIL 2014 Excessive domestic consumption A French person consumes an average of 151 liters of water per day. counting all common uses (schools, hospitals, street washing, etc.), we can estimate that this consumption amounts to 200 litres. Only the shower takes 40% of this consumption and 20% is dedicated to sanitation. Solutions to excessive water use should be sought on two levels, one technical and the other social. There is no lack of technological innovations. Four simple methods would significantly reduce our consumption: mixer, consumption screen, closed circulation and additional reservoir. • Conventional mixers and jet switches that control shower flow allow the shower usage to be shared by two. Today, in France, according to a survey carried out by INSEE in February 2013, only 56% of showers are equipped with these devices. • Then it is a question of raising consumer awareness. A screen that shows the amount of water used – the consumption screen – in the shower would help to reduce shower time. The psychological effects of immediate consumption may be found to be relevant to consumption responses. Water consumption in France • New systems were invented in a closed circulation: during the first 3 different minutes in the shower, the water is actually 5% we counted it in a black toilet , after 7% hours. often 31% Washing machine almost clean. So it 11% bathtubs and showers filtered directly in order to return through the shower: this Car wash 30% allows reduction of water Water shower of 70% shower. Dishes Body Care • Finally, how many liters of water we used while waiting for hot water to come under the shower”? It often takes 30 seconds, which is tens of liters. This is why a small additional tank near the shower would provide hot water almost instantly: this mechanism is for sale in France to users because the price of water is insignificant: 3.4 euros per m3 of water. All these methods can of course be restrictive, especially for closed channels or dual water channels and particularly expensive to install. However, the savings achieved on the water bill are not negligible, making these systems sustainable after several years of use. 2 2 1 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT APRIL 2014 Energy, the leading user of water Ø The role of water in the production of energy? Ø What are the consequences of the interdependence of water and energy? Unlike some energy sources, water cannot be replaced. Currently, the energy field uses no less than 58% of fresh water taken for cooling. Water is also necessary for fuel production: it is found in the reservoir, in drilling and hydraulic fracturing (for cracking the rock and mining the rock). Thus, a significant amount of water is required for the production of hydrocarbons (the production of oil corresponds to 10 L of water); and in addition to being water-intensive, the use of these carbohydrates increases the release of CO2 and thus contributes to global warming. Water is also involved in refineries, for boilers, cold hydrocarbons (65% of water consumed in a refinery is used for cooling) and limiting oil content before limiting oil content. Let’s match these numbers with these
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